Tšebeliso e Akaretsang ea Literene tsa Phallo ea Elektromagnetic Lefatšeng ka Bophara: Maikutlo a Lehae le a Machaba

I. Likopo tsa Lehae: Tse Loketseng Litlhoko tsa Indasteri ea Libaka​

1. Tsamaiso ea Metsi le Metsi a Litšila a Masepala​

Linaheng tse nang le baahi ba bangata joalo ka Chaena le India, phepelo ea metsi ea masepala le kalafo ea metsi a litšila ke lintho tsa bohlokoa, 'me li-flowmeter tsa EM li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng litsamaiso tsena. Ka mohlala, Chaena, morero oa mmuso oa "Sponge City" - o reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa ho mamella metsi a litoropong - o itšetlehile haholo ka li-flowmeter tsa EM ho beha leihlo kabo ea metsi liphaepheng, ho latela phallo ea likhoerekhoere lifemeng tsa kalafo, le ho lekanya katleho ea ho bokella metsi a pula. Ho fapana le li-flowmeter tsa mechini, lisebelisoa tsa EM li ka sebetsana le ho ba le seretse se phahameng le litaba tsa seretse tse tloaelehileng metsing a litšila a litoropong tsa Chaena, ho netefatsa data e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho lemoha ho lutla le ho bolela esale pele tlhoko. Litoropong tse kang Shanghai le Beijing, li-flowmeter tsa EM li kenyelelitsoe marang-rang a bohlale a metsi, ho nolofalletsa ho beha leihlo ts'ebeliso ea metsi ka nako ea sebele libakeng tsa bolulo, tsa khoebo le tsa indasteri. Sena ha se fokotse feela metsi a seng a lekeno (NRW) - phephetso ea nako e telele bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa China - empa hape se tšehetsa liqeto tse tsamaisoang ke data tsa ho aba mehloli ea metsi ka ho lekana haholoanyane.​

United States, lits'ebetso tsa masepala tsa li-flowmeter tsa EM li shebana le ho latela melao e thata ea tikoloho, joalo ka Molao oa Metsi a Hloekileng. Metse e kang New York le Los Angeles e sebelisa li-flowmeter tsa EM lifemeng tsa kalafo ea metsi a litšila ho lekanya phallo ea likhoerekhoere tse sa phekoloang litsing tsa kalafo le ho ntšoa ha likhoerekhoere tse phekoloang linōkeng kapa maoatleng. Bokhoni ba lisebelisoa ba ho boloka ho nepahala ha sekhahla se fapaneng sa phallo (ho tloha ho marotholi a tlase nakong ea linako tse omileng ho ea ho ho phahama ho hoholo ka mor'a lipula tse matla) bo netefatsa hore lits'ebeletso li fihlela meeli ea ho ntšoa le ho qoba likotlo tse turang. Ho feta moo, libakeng tse kotsing ea komello, joalo ka California, li-flowmeter tsa EM li sebelisoa ho beha leihlo tšebeliso ea metsi a nosetso ea temo, ho thusa balaoli ba mmuso ho tiisa litaelo tsa paballo ea metsi ha ba ntse ba netefatsa hore balemi ba fumana tefiso e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea bona ea metsi.​

2. Tlhahiso ea Liindasteri​

Ka hara mafapha a indasteri a lapeng, di-flowmeter tsa EM di etseditswe ho sebetsana le diphephetso tse ikgethang tsa indasteri. Jeremane, moetapele wa lefatshe ka bophara tlhahisong ya dikoloi le dikhemikhale, di-flowmeter tsa EM di bohlokwa bakeng sa ditshebetso tse nepahetseng. Difeme tsa dikoloi di di sebedisa ho lekanya phallo ya di-coolant, di-lubricant, le di-formulations tsa pente—metsi ao hangata a nang le dikarolwana tse emisitsweng kapa di-additi tse ka thibang di-mechanical metres. Ho nepahala ha disebediswa tsa EM ho netefatsa boleng bo tsitsitseng ba sehlahiswa, kaha esita le diphetoho tse nyane phallong ya mokelikeli di ka ama tshebetso ya dikarolo tsa dikoloi. Difeme tsa dikhemikhale ho pholletsa le Jeremane, di-flowmeter tsa EM di sebetsana le maro a senyang (jwalo ka di-acid le di-solvent) ka lebaka la diphaephe tsa tsona tsa phallo tse sa senyeheng (tse manehilweng ka PTFE kapa ceramic), di thibela ho dutla le ho netefatsa polokeho ya basebetsi.​

Japane, e leng setsi sa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa semiconductor, li-flowmeter tsa EM li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa metsi tse hloekileng haholo tse bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-chip. Tlhahiso ea li-semiconductor e hloka metsi a nang le litšila tse batlang li se na letho, 'me li-flowmeter tsa EM—ka litsela tsa tsona tse boreleli, tse sa sitisoeng—li qoba ho silafatsa metsi ha li ntse li fana ka lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa phallo. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kang ho hloekisa li-wafer, moo esita le likaroloana tse nyane li ka etsang hore li-chip li be le sekoli. Bahlahisi ba Majapane ba boetse ba itšetleha ka li-flowmeter tsa EM tlhahisong ea lijo le lino, joalo ka libaka tsa ho etsa biri tsa sake, ho lekanya phallo ea raese mash le metsi, ho netefatsa hore tatso le joala lia tšoana ha li ntse li latela maemo a thata a polokeho ea lijo.​

II. Likopo tsa Machaba: Litharollo tse Tšeletseng Meeli bakeng sa Liphephetso tsa Lefatše​

1. Indasteri ea Oli le Khase​

Lekala la lefats'e la oli le khase le itshetlehile ka di-flowmeter tsa EM ho sebetsana le diphephetso tse ikgethang tsa ho lekanya maro a hydrocarbon, ao hangata a leng a hlabang, a senyang, kapa a nang le lehlabathe le ditshila. Bochabela bo Hare—lehae la polokelo e kgolo ka ho fetisisa ya oli lefatsheng—di-flowmeter tsa EM di sebediswa mesebetsing e hodimo (ho ntsha oli) ho lekanya phallo ya oli e tala ho tloha didibeng ho ya diphaepheng. Ho fapana le di-turbine metres, tse ka senngwang ke dikarolwana tsa lehlabathe oling e tala, disebediswa tsa EM ha di na dikarolo tse tsamayang, e leng se etsang hore di dule di tiile maemong a thata a lehoatata. Mesebetsing e tlase, jwalo ka difeme tsa ho hlwekisa tsa Saudi Arabia le United Arab Emirates, di-flowmeter tsa EM di lekanya phallo ya dihlahiswa tse hlwekisitsweng (jwalo ka peterole le diesel) nakong ya ho kopanya le ho aba, ho netefatsa tekanyo e nepahetseng ya di-additives le ho latela maemo a boleng ba mafura a matjhaba.​

Masimong a oli a lebopong la leoatle, joalo ka a Leoatleng le ka Leboea (a tsamaisoang ke lik'hamphani tse tsoang UK, Norway le Netherlands), li-flowmeter tsa EM li kenngoa liphaepheng tsa ka tlas'a leoatle ho lekanya phallo ea oli le khase. Lisebelisoa tsena li etselitsoe ho mamella khatello e matla (ho fihlela ho 10,000 psi) le mocheso o tlase, 'me moralo oa tsona o sa amaneng o felisa kotsi ea ho hloleha ha mechini libakeng tse hole, tse thata ho li hlokomela. Lintlha tsa nako ea sebele tse tsoang ho li-flowmeter tsa EM li thusa basebetsi ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa tlhahiso le ho lemoha ho lutla kapele, ho fokotsa tšenyo ea tikoloho le tahlehelo ea lichelete - tsa bohlokoa libakeng tse nang le kutloelo-bohloko tikolohong joalo ka Leoatle le ka Leboea.​

2. Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho le Botsitso​

Lefatšeng ka bophara, li-flowmeter tsa EM ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ho sebetsaneng le phetoho ea tlelaemete le tšireletso ea tikoloho, ka lits'ebetso tse akaretsang merero ea ho tšela meeli. Tataiso ea Moralo oa Metsi oa European Union (WFD), e ikemiselitseng ho tsosolosa le ho boloka boemo bo botle ba tikoloho ea mehloli eohle ea metsi ho pholletsa le Europe, e itšetlehile ka li-flowmeter tsa EM ho beha leihlo ho ntšoa ha metsi ka noka, ho tlatsoa ha metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše, le ho phalla ha litšila ho tsoa libakeng tsa indasteri ho ea metsing. Mohlala, Sekoting sa Noka ea Danube—se arolelanoang ke linaha tse 19—li-flowmeter tsa EM li kenngoa libakeng tsa tlhahlobo ea meeli ho lekanya phallo ea metsi le ho lemoha ho ntšoa ha metsi ka molao, ho nolofalletsa tšebelisano-'moho ea linaha ho fokotsa tšilafalo. Bokhoni ba lisebelisoa ba ho lekanya metsi a hloekileng le a silafetseng bo netefatsa hore data e ea tšepahala, esita le libakeng tse nang le mesebetsi e mengata ea indasteri.​

Linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho pholletsa le Afrika le Asia Boroa-bochabela, li-flowmeter tsa EM li tšehetsa merero ea thuso ea machaba e shebaneng le phihlello ea metsi a hloekileng. Mekhatlo e kang Letlole la Bana la Machaba a Kopaneng (UNICEF) e sebelisa li-flowmeter tsa EM lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea metsi mahaeng ho lekanya phallo ea metsi ho tloha liboreng ho ea lipompong tsa sechaba, ho netefatsa hore mehloli e abuoa ka ho lekana le hore litsamaiso li sebetsa hantle. Libakeng tse kang Rift Valley ea Kenya, moo khaello ea metsi e atileng, li-flowmeter tsa EM li thusa ho latela mekhoa ea tšebeliso ea metsi, li lumella lihlopha tsa thuso ho rala mananeo a paballo a shebaneng haholoanyane. Ho feta moo, Sehlekehlekeng sa Noka ea Mekong sa Asia Boroa-bochabela, li-flowmeter tsa EM li sebelisoa ho lekola tšusumetso ea matamo a motlakase oa metsi phallong ea linoka, li fana ka data ho mekhatlo ea machaba e laolang kaho ea matamo ho sireletsa baahi ba litlhapi le sechaba sa lehae se itšetlehileng ka noka bakeng sa mekhoa ea boipheliso.​

III. Ho Bapisa Ditshebediso tsa Lehae le tsa Matjhaba: Kopano le Phapang​

Leha ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea li-flowmeter tsa EM e ntse e tsitsitse lefatšeng ka bophara, lits'ebetso tsa tsona li bonts'a lintho tsa bohlokoa tsa libaka le litlhoko tsa indasteri. Linaheng tse tsoetseng pele (mohlala, US, Europe, Japane), lits'ebetso hangata li hatisa ho latela melaoana e thata (tikoloho, polokeho, boleng) le kopanyo le litsamaiso tse bohlale, tse iketsang. Mohlala, bahlahisi ba Europe ba beha pele li-flowmeter tsa EM tse nang le liprothokholi tsa puisano tsa dijithale (joalo ka Profinet kapa WirelessHART) ho hokela lifekthering tse sebelisoang ke Industry 4.0, ha lits'ebeletso tsa US li shebana le lisebelisoa tse tšehetsang li-algorithms tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho lemoha ho lutla.​

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, linaheng tse tsoelang pele (mohlala, India, Kenya, Vietnam), lits'ebetso li shebane haholo le katleho ea mantlha le phihlello ea mehloli. Methapo ea phallo ea EM e sebelisoa ho fokotsa litšila tsa metsi, ho netefatsa kabo e lekanang, le ho tšehetsa merero ea meralo ea motheo e theko e tlase - hangata ka mehlala e bonolo, e theko e tlaase e behang pele ho tšoarella ho feta likarolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa dijithale. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le kopano e ntseng e hola ha linaha tse tsoelang pele li amohela mahlale a bohlale: mohlala, ho kopanngoa ha Chaena ha lithapo tsa phallo ea EM metseng e bohlale ho bonahatsa boiteko bo tšoanang Europe, ha boiteko ba morao tjena ba India ba "Digital India" bo lebisitse ho amoheloeng ho eketsehileng ha lithapo tsa phallo ea EM tse nang le bokhoni ba ho lekola hole lits'ebetsong tsa metsi a litoropong.​

Phapang e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e ho tsepamisitse maikutlo indastering: libakeng tse ruileng ka oli joalo ka Bochabela bo Hare, li-flowmeter tsa EM li shebane haholo le lefapha la eneji, ha libakeng tsa tlhahiso tse kang Jeremane le Japane, li laola lits'ebetso tsa indasteri. Linaheng tsa temo tse kang Brazil, li-flowmeter tsa EM li sebelisoa haholo-holo lits'ebetsong tsa nosetso ho ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea metsi bakeng sa lijalo tse kang soya le kofi, e leng se bontšang ho itšetleha ha naha ka temo bakeng sa kholo ea moruo.​

Qetello​

Methapo ea motlakase e fetile meeli ea libaka ho ba tharollo ea bokahohle bakeng sa tekanyo ea mokelikeli, e susumetsoang ke ho nepahala ha eona, ho tenyetseha ha eona, le ho ikamahanya le maemo. Ho tloha metseng e bohlale ea Chaena le lifekthering tsa likoloi tsa Jeremane ho ea masimong a oli a Bochabela bo Hare le litsamaisong tsa metsi tsa mahaeng tsa Afrika, methapo ea motlakase e sebetsana le liphephetso tse ikhethang tsa libaka ha e ntse e kenya letsoho lipakaneng tsa lefats'e tsa botsitso, katleho le tekano ea lisebelisoa. Ha liindasteri lefatšeng ka bophara li ntse li tsoela pele ho amohela mahlale a bohlale le melaoana e thata ea tikoloho, tlhoko ea methapo ea motlakase ea EM e tla hola feela - e tiisa karolo ea eona e le lejoe la motheo la tsamaiso ea mokelikeli oa sejoale-joale. Ebang ke libakeng tsa lehae kapa tsa machabeng, lisebelisoa tsena li paka hore boqapi theknolojing ea tekanyo ha se feela taba ea ho nepahala, empa ke mabapi le ho matlafatsa sechaba, liindasteri le lichaba ho sebelisa mehloli ka bohlale haholoanyane lefatšeng le fetohang ka potlako.